Kollaborative Softwareentwicklung – Zum Kollaborationsbegriff

Die Entwicklung von Software erfordert stets die Zusammenarbeit von mindestens zwei Personen (Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer). Bei komplexeren, über mehreren Teams oder Organisationen verteilten Softwareprojekten besitzen zusätzlich so genannte Gruppenprozesse erheblichen Einfluss auf Projekterfolg bzw. –misserfolg. Neben den Prozessen Kooperation, Koordination und Kommunikation sind hierbei auch menschli-che Faktoren (Kontext), die durch die umgebende Organisation sowie die persönliche Motivation und Kompetenz geprägt werden, von Bedeutung. Die kollaborative Soft-wareentwicklung umfasst somit die Aspekte Kooperation, Koordination und Kommuni-kation der kooperativen Softwareentwicklung, jedoch erweitert um die Einbeziehung des organisationsbedingten und persönlichen Kontexts des einzelnen Mitarbeiters. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das im Projekt CollaBaWü angewendete Verständnis zum Begriff der „kollaborativen Softwareentwicklung“ bzw. „kollaborativen Softwareerstellung“ zu vermitteln

Entwicklungsmethodiken zur kollaborativen Softwareerstellung – Stand der Technik

Die weltweit wachsende Nachfrage nach Unternehmenssoftware erfordert immer neue Methoden und Formen der Zusammenarbeit (Kollaboration) bei der Softwareerstellung. Zu diesem Zweck untersucht und vergleicht dieses Arbeitspapier existierende Vorgehensmodelle und deren Evolution. Zusätzlich werde erste Ansätze zur kollaborativen Softwareerstellung vorgestellt und ihre Eignung für ein kommerzielles Umfeld analysiert. Die Arbeit verwendet hierzu einen eigenen Vergleichsrahmen, der u.a. auch so genannte "Kollaborationspunkte“ in Betracht zieht, d.h. Aktivitäten im Prozess an denen das Einbinden mehrerer Entwickler und/oder Anwender vorteilhaft ist. Die Erkenntnisse aus der vergleichenden Analyse des Stands der Technik werden schließlich dazu verwendet, Defizite existierender Ansätze aufzuzeigen und Anforderungen für unterstützende Werkzeuge abzuleiten

Using Long-Duration Static Stretch Training to Counteract Strength and Flexibility Deficits in Moderately Trained Participants

Many sports injuries result in surgery and prolonged periods of immobilization, which may lead to significant atrophy accompanied by loss of maximal strength and range of motion and, therefore, a weak-leg/strong-leg ratio (as an imbalance index ∆ ) lower than 1. Consequently, there are common rehabilitation programs that aim to enhance maximal strength, muscle thickness and flexibility; however, the literature demonstrates existing strength imbalances after weeks of rehabilitation. Since no study has previously been conducted to investigate the effects of long-duration static stretch training to treat muscular imbalances, the present research aims to determine the possibility of counteracting imbalances in maximal strength and range of motion. Thirty-nine athletic participants with significant calf muscle imbalances in maximal strength and range of motion were divided into an intervention group (one-hour daily plantar flexors static stretching of the weaker leg for six weeks) and a control group to evaluate the effects on maximal strength and range of motion with extended and bent knee joint. Results show significant increases in maximal strength (d = 0.84–1.61, p < 0.001–0.005) and range of motion (d = 0.92–1.49, p < 0.001–0.002) following six weeks of static stretching. Group * time effects ( p < 0.001–0.004, η² = 0.22–0.55) revealed ∆ changes in the intervention group from 0.87 to 1.03 for maximal strength and from 0.92 to 1.11 in range of motion. The results provide evidence for the use of six weeks of daily, one hour stretching to counteract muscular imbalances. Related research in clinical settings after surgery is suggested

Physiology of stretch-mediated hypertrophy and strength increases: A narrative review

Increasing muscle strength and cross-sectional area is of crucial importance to improve or maintain physical function in musculoskeletal rehabilitation and sports performance. Decreases in muscular performance are experienced in phases of reduced physical activity or immobilization. These decrements highlight the need for alternative, easily accessible training regimens for a sedentary population to improve rehabilitation and injury prevention routines. Commonly, muscle hypertrophy and strength increases are associated with resistance training, typically performed in a training facility. Mechanical tension, which is usually induced with resistance machines and devices, is known to be an important factor that stimulates the underlying signaling pathways to enhance protein synthesis. Findings from animal studies suggest an alternative means to induce mechanical tension to enhance protein synthesis, and therefore muscle hypertrophy by inducing high-volume stretching. Thus, this narrative review discusses mechanical tension-induced physiological adaptations and their impact on muscle hypertrophy and strength gains. Furthermore, research addressing stretch-induced hypertrophy is critically analyzed. Derived from animal research, the stretching literature exploring the impact of static stretching on morphological and functional adaptations was reviewed and critically discussed. No studies have investigated the underlying physiological mechanisms in humans yet, and thus the underlying mechanisms remain speculative and must be discussed in the light of animal research. However, studies that reported functional and morphological increases in humans commonly used stretching durations of \u3e 30 min per session of the plantar flexors, indicating the importance of high stretching volume, if the aim is to increase muscle mass and maximum strength. Therefore, the practical applicability seems limited to settings without access to resistance training (e.g., in an immobilized state at the start of rehabilitation), as resistance training seems to be more time efficient. Nevertheless, further research is needed to generate evidence in different human populations (athletes, sedentary individuals, and rehabilitation patients) and to quantify stretching intensity

Ein formaler Rahmen zur Beschreibung von Kollaborationssituationen im Softwareentwicklungsprozess - Umgebungsparameter als Auswahlkriterien für CSCW-Werkzeuge

Mangelhafte Kollaboration ist häufig eine der Ursachen für das Scheitern von Softwareentwicklungsprojekten. Der formale Rahmen zur Beschreibung von Kollaborationssituationen im Softwareentwicklungsprozess stellt durch seine Verknüpfung mit Prozessbeschreibungen von stärker formalisierten Vorgehensmodellen einen Leitfaden zur Verfügung, anhand dessen die Aspekte, die die Kollaborationsprozesse in den jeweiligen Situationen beeinflussen, strukturiert erfasst und analysiert werden können

Visual Requirement Specification In End-User Participation Copyright 2006 IEEE, originally published in MERE-Workshop 2006

End-user participation in requirements engineering (RE) is important, but not frequently used at the moment. Reasons are the large expenditure of time for organizing and carrying out surveys as well as the time it takes to understand the users ’ requirements and to formulate them textually. But even textually formulated requirements are not sufficient, as users are no experts, do not have enough time beside their job to model complex requirements and describe their requirements properly. It is therefore necessary to formulate the requirements visually. Actual methods are too complex and inefficient, because they need training and can’t be integrated into the day-to-day business of end-users. Thus, users should be able to annotate their ideas directly on their screen and submit them to a web based collaboration platform. The main goal is to obtain complete requirements and, simultaneously, to save the time of all stakeholders in the whole development process. 1